2005.08.15 Value Science & Wealth Views:
As early as 2000, venture capital enjoyed vigorous development in China. At that time, inspired by the gratifying situation of the NASDAQ and the global growth enterprise market, Shenzhen Stock Exchange prepared to launch the growth enterprise market. Shortly, four or five hundred Venture Capital companies emerged in China and raised about 450 billion, one-third of which were located in Shenzhen. These companies were ready to do something big in full swing. However, due to the bursting of the dot-com bubble and the fact that there were very few real winners in the global growth enterprise market except the United States and Israel, domestic venture capital market then slowed down the development.
Growth Criteria are Pioneering the New Era of Chinese VC
As early as 2000, venture capital enjoyed vigorous development in China. At that time, inspired by the gratifying situation of the NASDAQ and the global growth enterprise market, Shenzhen Stock Exchange prepared to launch the growth enterprise market. Shortly, four or five hundred Venture Capital companies emerged in China and raised about 450 billion, one-third of which were located in Shenzhen. These companies were ready to do something big in full swing. However, due to the bursting of the dot-com bubble and the fact that there were very few real winners in the global growth enterprise market except the United States and Israel, domestic venture capital market then slowed down the development. Zhang Wei believes that growth is the criterion for venture capital to choose investment targets. Venture capital mainly invests in some unlisted or unacquired companies with high growth potential, and actively participates in the entrepreneurial process of invested enterprises, making up for the lack of entrepreneurial management experience in these companies and helping them actively control risks. After the invested enterprise become mature, venture capital can realize relatively high capital growth income through equity transfer. Therefore, Zhang Wei holds that the invested enterprise should possess three characteristics. First, it is best to be in an upswing period in the industry and have a larger development space; second, it takes a key position in the industrial value chain in terms of products and services; third, it has not yet been listed or acquired at an premium from a financing perspective.
In August 2005, Zhang Wei published an article Growth criteria are pioneering the new era of Chinese VC in the magazine Value Science & Wealth, elaborating on how to guide venture capital through growth standards. The original text is presented in the following.
Rewritten by: Yang Yang, Edited by: Du Zhixin, Li Yunzhen
Over the past year, the bull market returned, with technology leading the way.
As I said back in October 2024, the rally that began on September 24 was not merely a rebound, but a reversal. Since then, China's capital markets have undergone a broad revaluation, moving from undervaluation toward fair value.
The Shanghai Composite Index reached its highest level in a decade. The "Yi-Zhong-Tian" trio—Eoptolink, Zhongji Innolight and TFC Communication, three prominent Chinese optical communications stocks—saw their share prices multiply severalfold in a single year. Cambricon's market capitalization briefly exceeded RMB 600 billion. Elsewhere in the technology sector, triple-digit price-to-earnings ratios and valuations exceeding RMB 10 billion became commonplace.
Some investors were greedy; others, fearful. Still others asked me: Are technology stocks in a valuation bubble?
My answer is that what we are witnessing is the hunger and anxiety of an era, reflected in the capital markets. Once you understand this, the current fervor for technology investing is no longer difficult to explain.
Investment has nothing to do with macroeconomics, but everything to do with geopolitics.
China-US relations will shape the investment landscape for decades to come. Geopolitics has played a major role in shaping the hunger and anxiety of our times, fundamentally reshaping the way we invest.
What, then, lies at the heart of China's hunger and anxiety?
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is already underway, yet China has not fully overcome the technological shortcomings left by the Third. There is no time to lose.
This is why some people wonder: Why do Chinese computing chip companies command such high valuations when their technologies still lag so far behind NVIDIA's? Why does NVIDIA trade at just 50 times earnings, while a company hailed as "China's answer to NVIDIA" commands a multiple of 300?
To me, this gets the logic exactly backward.
It is precisely because these companies cannot catch up with NVIDIA in the near term that they command a higher strategic premium. The wider the technological gap, the greater the strategic value.
The further something lies beyond our reach, the stronger our hunger. The harder it is to catch up, the deeper our anxiety. If China were to achieve a complete breakthrough in computing chips one day, valuations might actually come down.
Where can one find China's most spectacular natural landscapes?
Much of the answer, I believe, lies in and around the Hengduan Mountains: the Meili Snow Mountains, Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, Mount Gongga, Mount Siguniang, Jiuzhaigou, and many others. Vast differences in elevation and deep fault lines have given rise to landscapes of extraordinary grandeur.
Hard-tech investing follows a similar logic.
Technological gaps, discontinuities in capabilities, and missing links in industrial systems: a leap in difficulty brings a leap in valuation, and a successful breakthrough can, in turn, bring a leap in returns.
This logic extends well beyond computing chips. It is equally evident in memory semiconductors, commercial spaceflight, and other sectors where China still faces substantial technological gaps with other countries.
It was precisely this conviction that led CoStone Capital, starting in 2016, to decisively focus its investments on three areas: hard tech, emerging industries, and life sciences and healthcare. In this context, "hard tech" refers specifically to important industries in which China faces a technological gap with the United States.
Thanks to this forward-looking strategy, CoStone Capital established an early presence across the full value chains of key sectors, including semiconductors, artificial intelligence, and robotics.
Looking ahead, the frontiers of technological progress and industrial upgrading are boundless. Nor can the gaps in hard technology be closed overnight. The twin windows of opportunity presented by technological innovation and the development of homegrown alternatives to foreign technologies have only just begun to open.
The road ahead is long, but the future holds immense promise.
As an investment firm, CoStone Capital will continue to invest where the hunger and anxiety of each era run deepest, move forward with the tensions that shape our times, and extend our reach toward the most challenging—and most important—frontiers.
Spring 2026